COAL experiments investigating the reflooding of a 7 x 7 rod bundle during a Loss Of coolant Accident: effect of a partially blocked area with ballooned rods
Résumé
During a loss of coolant accident (LOCA) in a pressurized water reactor, the drying of the fuel assemblies leads to an increase in the fuel temperature and deformation of the fuel rod claddings. In addition to the restriction of the flow area, the relocation of the fragmented irradiated fuel within the ballooned area leads to an increase of the local residual power. The COAL experiments (COolability of a fuel Assembly during Loca) focus on the coolability issue of a partially deformed fuel assembly during water injection with the safety systems using a 7x7 bundle of electrically heated rods. These experiments are part of the PERFROI project (FRENCH acronym : PERte de reFROIdissement) launched by IRSN with the support of the FRENCH "Agence Nationale pour la Recherche" (ANR), EDF and the US-NRC. The effect of the flow blockage {intact geometry up to long ballooning (100 to 300 mm) with different blockage ratios (80 to 90%)} were evaluated for various powers, inlet water mass flow rates and different pressures representative to Large (LBLOCA at 0.3 MPa) and Medium break size (MBLOCA from 0.5 to 3 MPa) configurations. Relocation of fragmented fuel in the balloons are taken into account by a local increase of the power by a factor of 1.5. This paper presents the thermal hydraulics parameters and the main results of the experiments performed in a facility of the STERN Laboratories (Canada). We studied the effect of the inlet water flow rate which is the consequence of the amount of water entering the reactor core after the break of the primary circuit and the effect of the pressure. The presence of the balloons increases significantly the Peak Cladding Temperature according to the flow rate, the pressure and the power. These results are used to improve and validate the heat exchange models of thermal hydraulics codes dealing with the complex reflooding processes in such a configuration.
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